Building Blocks Pediatric Occupational Therapy Services

Fairfield Connecticut Occupational Therapist

203-341-0178
info@connecticutoccupationaltherapist.com

Lets Learn About Self-Care Development!

By 123 Comments

Self-care are critical tasks that children learn throughout their developmental ages. These tasks refer to dressing, feeding, toileting, and hygiene skills. Self-care tasks are critical for everyday life activities and school-readiness. Occupational therapy clinicians can help promote ADL tasks throughout development.

 

 

Dressing:

12 months:

  • Cooperates with dressing by putting arms or legs out

1-2 years:

  • Removes socks and shoes (without laces)
  • Pushes arms and legs through sleeves or pants

2-3 years:

  • Unbuttons large buttons
  • Assists to take off pants/shirt

3-4 years:

  • Able to get undressed independently
  • Requires assistance with laces, buttons, zippers

4-5 years:

  • Chooses weather-appropriate clothes
  • Zips a zipper

5-6 years:

  • Dresses independently
  • Puts shoes on the correct feet
  • Begins to learn how to tie shoes

Ideas to promote dressing skills:

  • For complex tasks such as buttons, and zips, practicing fine motor skills such as threading beads and putting coins in a piggy bank can help develop these skills
  • Use opportunities throughout the day such as putting on/off shoes when coming back inside and going outside to promote dressing skills

Feeding:

0-3 months:

  • Sucks and swallows well
  • Coordinated suck, swallow, and breathing sequences
  • Liquids only

3-6 months:

  • Shows interest in food
  • Opens mouth for a spoon
  • Begins to eat smooth pureed food

6-12 months:

  • Tolerates a range of foods of different textures
  • Holds and drinks from a cup or bottle
  • Finger feeds themselves
  • Begins to drink from an open cup

1-2 years:

  • Able to feed themselves with a spoon
  • Holds and drinks from an open cup
  • Shows clear likes & dislikes of foods

2-3 years:

  • Able to feed themselves with utensils
  • Wipes own mouth & hands

Ideas to promote feeding skills:

  • Ensure the head, neck, and trunk are supported and maintain good posture when feeding (feet flat on the floor, neutral spine, arms at side, and chin parallel to floor)
  • Introduce new food tastes around 3-6 months
  • Work on self-feeding skills during playtime by using spoons and utensils during pretend play

 

 

Toileting:

2-3 years

  • Uses toilet with assistance (wiping & clothes)
  • Able to use the toilet during the day with few accidents
  • Needs reminders or diapers at nighttime

3-4 years:

  • Able to use the bathroom during the day with no accidents
  • May wear diapers at night

4-5 years:

  • Has complete daytime control for both urination and bowel movements

5-7 years:

  • Develops complete nighttime control for both urination and bowel movements.

Ideas to promote toileting skills:

  • Routine is important: use a chart/reward system to motivate the child to follow a routine
  • Use a secure stool for resting feet and getting off/on toilet

 

 

Hygiene skills:

2-3 years:

  • Uses a napkin to wipe face & hands

3-4 years:

  • Can wash & dry own hands
  • Attempts to brush teeth

4-5 years:

  • Able to wash most body parts independently except for hair

5-6 years:

  • Brushes teeth independently

6-8 years:

  • Showers independently

Ideas to promote hygiene skills:

  • Make bath times fun by incorporating music and bath toys
  • Incorporate showering/brushing teeth into pretend play
  • Use a visual schedule to indicate steps for showering, brushing teeth, and handing hands

 

 

 


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