What is prone extension?
Prone extension is a body position. Prone is defined as the front side of the body (chest and abdomen). Extension describes the position of the muscles (extended/stretched out). When the body is in prone extension, it is lying on the stomach with arms and legs extended, while lifting them and the head off the ground. An example is the “superman” position.
Development
The development of the prone extension position typically occurs as early as infancy. During infancy, when infants are engaging in “tummy time”, they are assuming prone extension. As children grow, they are able to assume and maintain prone extension for varying periods of time depending on their age. By 5 years old, the expectation is 31-60 seconds. At 6 years old, the expectation increase to 63-77 seconds. A 7 year old is expected to maintain position between 90-119 seconds. A child 8 years or older, holds position for at least 120-138 seconds.
Dysfunction
When an individual is not able to assume or maintain the prone extension position, it is evidence of dysfunction. Dysfunction can refer to a lack muscle tone, balance, coordination, or sensory processing difficulties. These can result in challenges with trunk/core strength, motor planning, and body awareness. These challenges can impact reaching milestones, such as: sitting up and crawling.
How to Practice:
An occupational therapist can provide activities, strategies, equipment and tools to practice and strengthen the prone extension position. This position can be practiced in various environments and during daily routines and activities. Activities such as: a puzzle, drawing, and playing a board game, can all be implemented to incorporate assuming and holding the position. Tools that support the position are: a platform swing, flying swing, scooter board, or peanut ball. If these are not available, lying on top of pillows or on the floor and doing an activity are appropriate supplements.
